Recipients of the Liakat Medal

Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 37. Chapters: Manfred von Richthofen, Mustafa Kemal Atat rk, Fevzi akmak, Nureddin Pasha, Felix Graf von Bothmer, Wilhelm Marschall, Hans-Joachim Buddecke, Otto von Lossow, Franz Schleiff. Excerpt: Mustafa Kemal Atat rk (pronounced; 19 May 1881 by a posteriori-10 November 1938) was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey. Atat rk was a military officer during World War I. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, he led the Turkish national movement in the Turkish War of Independence. Having established a provisional government in Ankara, he defeated the forces sent by the Allies. His military campaigns gained Turkey independence. Atat rk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, westernized and secular nation-state. The principles of Atat rk's reforms, upon which modern Turkey was established, are referred to as Kemalism. Mustafa was born in either the Ahmed Suba neighbourhood or the Islahhane Street (present-day Apostolu Pavlu Street) in the Koca Kas?m Pasha neighbourhood (this house is preserved as a museum) in Salonica, Ottoman Empire, to his mother Z beyde Han?m (a housewife) and father Ali R?za Efendi (a militia officer, title deed clerk and lumber trader). Only one of Atat rk's siblings, a sister named Makbule (Atadan) survived childhood; she died in 1956. According to Andrew Mango, he was born into a family which was Muslim, Turkish-speaking and precariously middle-class. Time magazine states that Mustafa Kemal's father was of Albanian and his mother was of Macedonian origin, and Patrick Kinross wrote that he was "as fair as any Slav from beyond the Bulgarian frontier" with "fine w...