Freund-schaft

This dissertation charts an intellectual history of collaborations centered on the beginning of socio-critical discourse on photography. I study the critically misread oeuvre of photographer and sociologist Gisèle Freund to reconfigure a transatlantic map of concrete personal, literary, and critical connections during the 1930s and '40s. In examining Freund's oeuvre, I suggest a crucial intervention on the notion of aura -- Walter Benjamin's trademark for understanding the dialectics of the original and its reproduction. I advance a reading in support of aura that challenges the canonical "The Work of Art in the Age of Technical Reproducibility" (1940) of Benjamin. The continuous coexistence of the terms aura, market, and photography is present in Freund - author of iconic photo-portraits of writers such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, André Malraux, Jorge Luis Borges or Benjamin. It contests the reduction of the original's aura and its reproduction to mutually exclusive terms. My counter-reading in fact recovers the prior and wider aura integral to Benjamin's "Little History of Photography" (1931). It is this cardinal yet neglected piece that inaugurated together with Freund's La Photographie en France au dix-neuvième siècle (1936) the critical discourse on photography.