Data Communication And Networking

Digital Transmission FundamentalsDigital signals, Analog versus digital, Limits of achievable data rate in digital communication, Transmission impairment [ Attenuation and attenuation distortion, Delay distortion, Thermal noise, Inter modulation noise, Impulse Noise, Cross talk, Channel capacity]Digital Modulation : Modems, Digital continuous wave modulation techniques for Modem e.g. ASK, FSK, PSK, Baud rate, QAM, Modern constellation patterns, Interface control for typical modem, EIA 232/V.24 interface.Error Detection and Correction : LRC, VRC, CRC, Checksum, Hamming code.Switching Techniques and High Speed Digital AccessDifferent switching techniques, Circuit switching and telephone networks, Signaling system #7. Architecture overview, Packet switching networks, T1 carrier system/E1, T3/E3 carriers, SONET/SDH, DSL Technology, ADSL technology, Cellular Telephone Systems, Cable modems.Data Communication MediaTransmission Media : Guided Transmission Media (Physical description, Application, Transmission Characteristics) Twisted pair (Unshielded and shielded twisted pair), Category 3, Category 5 UTP, Coaxial cable.Wireless transmission unguided media (Terrestrial microwave, Satellite microwave)Fiber Optic Communication : Principle of light transmission, Types and modes of fiber, Losses and dispersion in fiber, Sources (light) and detectors.Satellite Communication : Kepler s laws, Orbital aspects, Geostationary and frequency plans, Frequency plans and polarization, Transponders, Multiple access methods.Network FundamentalsNeed of networks/advantages of network, Structure of communication network (DTE, DCE, Application process, Logical and Physical connection),Point-to-Point, Multidrop Configuration, Simplex, Half Duplex, Duplex transmissionNetwork topologies - Hierarchical [Tree], Horizontal [Bus], Star, Ring, MeshTypes of networks, Network architectures (OSI model), TCP-IP protocol stack overview,Network interface hardware and network hardware components - connectors, transceivers and media converters, NICs, RS-232 and RS-449, PCI, USB Protocols.Devices used for extending LANs - Repeaters, Bridges, Switches.Data Link Layer Control and ProtocolsLine Discipline, Flow and error control, stop and wait ARQ, Go back N ARQ, Selective repeat ARQ.Character oriented protocol [IBM s BSC protocol], Bit oriented Protocols [HDLC], PPPMulti point configuration of a network and multiple access techniques and protocols - Random access, ALOHA, Slotted ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, Controlled access [Reservation, Polling/select, Token passing] channelisation [FDMA, TDMA, CDMA].Local Area NetworkLAN applications, LAN architecture, LAN topologies [Bus, Star, Ring, Tree], Medium access control [RR, Reservation, Contention], MAC frame format.IEEE 802 LAN standards : 802.3 Ethernet (CSMA/CD), Ethernet frame IEEE 802.3 frame format, IEEE 802.3, 10 Mbps Specification (Ethernet) - 10 Base 5, 10 Base 2, 10 Base T, 10 Base F IEEE 802.3 100 Mbps Specification (Fast Ethernet)Gigabit EthernetFDDI,IEEE 802.5 Token Ring - MAC Techniques, Physical Layer SpecificationBackbone Network - Bus backone, Star backone Virtual LANs.