The Chʻing Imperial Household Department

This is the first full-length institutional study of the organization and functions of the Imperial Household Department under Ch'ing rule. That department constituted the emperor's 'personal bureaucracy.' In tracing the complex structure of this organization, Preston Torbert has avoided an exhaustive listing of nominal offices and their prescribed duties; instead, he has described the distinctive 'social groups' that made up the departments total personnel-the bondservants, the eunuchs, and the palace maids.